Technocraft Industries

Business of Technocraft Industries 

Technocraft industries was established in the year 1972 by two brothers – MR. SK Saraf and Mr SM Saraf who were IIT Graduates and technologists. 

Technocraft is mainly engaged in the business of drum closures, steel pipes, tubes and scaffoldings and cotton yarn. It is a company which is export oriented and derives most of its revenues (86% of the first half in FY 07) from exports to around 60 countries across the globe. Technocraft markets its products around the world with subsidiaries in UK, Hungary, Poland and Germany. 

Financials 

Technocraft clocked total revenues of Rs. 36,581.55 lakhs in 2006 which was lesser than the revenues it clocked in the preceding two years which stood at Rs.41,920 lakhs and 37,487 lakhs. The profit figure for the same period stood at Rs. 3055 lakhs, Rs.3094 lakhs and 2770 lakhs respectively. 

The company is offering its share at a price band of Rs. 95 to Rs.105 which translates into a P/E multiple of 6.8 to 7.5 times earnings considering the post diluted annualized EPS for FY 2007. By far this is the most reasonably priced stock in the slew of IPOs that are slated to come in mid January. 

However the reason for the lower P/E is the sluggish growth that the company has faced over recent years as also the net profit margins which have gone down from 9.3% in FY 04 to 8.4% in FY 06. 

Objects of the Issue 

The issue is expected to provide funds for improving the manufacturing process of Drum Closures to make it more cost effective, expand the capacity of pipe and scaffolding division and introduce new scaffolding products. Apart from this Technocraft also plans to finance the expansion of the yarn division for 25,200 spindles and set up a 15 MW power plant. 

Going forward the company has got expansion plans in the drum closure market in China. China is a promising market for drum closures but is protected by high duty structure. However the demand for drum closures is quite static in other parts of the world because of alternate products being available for the same use. 

On the other hand the demand for steel scaffolding and tubes is growing at quite a rapid pace but this product is quite sensitive to the prices of its key raw material which is steel and is dependent on its profitability upon the price fluctuation of steel. 

Yarn manufacture is not one of the core activities of the company and in all probability it has been forced to look at this option rather than having any synergy value with the core business. 

Conclusion 

While the company has got a good solid past performance in terms of being over 25 years old it is not the kind of high growth story that an investor would expect from a relatively small player. 

DLF Limited

Business of DLF

DLF is the largest real estate company in the country in terms of completed residential and commercial property development. DLF is in the business of end to end real estate development which focuses on residential and commercial properties. This involves identification of land, acquisition of land, planning, execution and marketing the developed property. In the residential building line DLF markets and sells various houses built and developed by it and with a focus on the higher end of the market.
In the commercial line DLF builds and either sells or leases commercial offices with a special focus to MNCs.

Apart from this DLF is also in the retail business line where it develops, manages and leases shopping malls which in some cases also have multiplex cinema halls. The company has also entered the Infrastructure, SEZs and hotels businesses.

DLF was found in 1946 and has since then become the largest real estate company with development of approximately 220 million square feet of land. DLF has extensive land reserves in the country amounting to 10,255 acres with a developable area of roughly 574 million square feet. Out of this 574 million the company owns about 29 million square feet along with other parties and owns the sole rights to the rest of the land. The company’s focus has so far been the NCR but now it is expanding its core operations to the rest of the country as well. The majority of the land holdings lie in the urban areas or areas which under the urban category based on the master plans of various states.

Financials

The company has gained in its financial strength in the last three years with additions both in top line and bottom line. The revenues have increased from Rs.5266 million in 2004 to Rs.6240 million in 2005 and 12,420 in 2006 with corresponding profit figures of Rs.538 million, Rs.865 million and Rs.1917 million. The majority source of revenues for the company is the sale of the real estate developed by it and the project cost constitutes the largest source of expenditure for the company.
The above profit and revenue figures show that the profitability of the company is steadily growing and currently stands at 15% of its revenues. The adjusted EPS for the year ended March 31 2006 stands at Rs.12.34.

Objects of the Issue

The IPO of DLF is expected to be the biggest that the country has seen so far and the purpose of the IPO is the acquisition and development of land on which DLF plans to spend Rs. 65000 million and development and construction costs for existing projects on which the company plans to spend Rs.34993 million rupees. Apart from this the proceeds of the issue are also expected to be used for part prepayment of debt that the company has incurred.

Conclusion

DLF is a powerhouse of real estate development in India and with its thrust in the new areas of expansion that it has identified it is expected to become a driver of growth for the investors. However in such a scenario one need to also keep an eye on the price that the company is offering its share to the shareholders and see whether the company is not charging a P/E multiple that is too high.

Glass Segments

Glass Hollow Wares
Glass hollow wares are used as packaging used for beverages, medicines, chemicals, food and cosmetics. Because they are used to package consumables and medicines special formulae are used in their preparation to avoid spoilage.

Glass Wares
Glass wares are kitchenware i.e. bowls cups, saucers, glass tumblers, mugs, jugs, plates and handicrafts, like candles, cut and crinkle, flower pots and paper weights.

Float Glass
Float Glass is used mainly in windows and also in mirrors as well as room furniture. By virtue of this float glass is mainly made in the form of flat sheets however when required to be used in cars as windshields or some other form where it has to be curved float glass is then molded after re heating.

Shri Balkishan Agarwal Industries Limited

Business of Shri Balkishan Agarwal Industries Limited

Shri Balkishan is a glass manufacturing company established in 1990 located in Firozabad and the primary products of the company are glassware, tableware, bangles and kitchenware. While the initial furnace capacity of the company was 40 tons per day the company increased its capacity three times to 120 tons in year 2004 and also engaged itself in getting various quality certifications as well as installation of modern machinery to replace some of the manual processes and unlock productivity.

Such steps enabled the company to increase the turnover from Rs. 8.83 in 2003-04 to Rs. 31.06 crores during 2004-05.

Shri Balkishan has over 200 products that they sell to a range of diversified customers which include both retail as well as industrial customers. Some of the better known customers of Shri Balkishan are Vishal Mega Mart, Big Bazaar and Metro Cash and Carry. These customers buy the products categorized under press glass as bowls, cups and saucers, glass tumblers, mugs / jugs and plates.

Among the other products the company sells bottles of sizes ranging from 100ml to 1000ml and industrial consumers are the major customers for these who are the manufacturers of beer, alcohol, pharmaceuticals, perfumes and cosmetics.

The corporate consumers and retail customers buy the products that fall under the thin glass, decorative articles and handicrafts category like wine glasses, glass tumblers, dinner sets, dishes and flower pots etc.

Summary Financials of Shri Balkishan Agarwal Industries Limited

The thing to keep in mind while looking at financials is that it is important to consider financials of the past few years and it is not enough to just consider the financials of just one or two years. For instance even in the case of Shri Balkishan the EPS for 2006 is Rs. 5.50 whereas it was just Rs.1.63 the year before, Rs.0.07 in 2004, Rs. 0.4 in 2003 and Rs. 0.38 in 2002.

While the above EPS has increased on the back of an increased revenues base from Rs. 23.21 crores in 2005 to Rs.31.06 crores in 2006 which again is a result of the increase in capacity expansion from 40 to 120 tons.

However while valuing the fair price of the IPO you must not stick to the number of just the last financial year which is especially higher in this case. This is because increase in revenue is a result of employing more capital which involves greatest interest outgo which in this case rose from Rs. 45.63 lakhs in 2004 to Rs.3.33 crores in the next financial year. Same is the case with depreciation charges which also increase as the investment in fixed assets increase. The same rose from Rs.45.63 lakhs in 2004 to Rs.1.46 crores in the next financial year and then to Rs.2.5 crores in 2006.

Such spike in costs that come along with increased capacity and revenues make it necessary for the investors to consider the long term earning of the company and not only the last year’s earning.

Risk Factors

Financials are an important criterion of deciding whether one should opt for an IPO or not and in the case of Shri Balkishan one must note that in the immediate preceding financial year 2005-06 there has been a substantial jump in profitability. However the best thing for an investor would be to discount this spurt in income and look at the long term rate of profit and growth that the company is enjoying.

Along the same lines the Contingent Liabilities of the company have also substantially increased in the last fiscal increasing from Rs. 92.46 lakhs to Rs.1.88 crores which is more than double in one fiscal.

Shri Balkishan has SBI as its principal banker and during February 2006 SBI has classified their account as a Non Performing Asset. This matter has been necessitated by a dispute in excess interest being charged by SBI and the company. The dispute has now been resolved and the bank will charge a lower interest retrospectively subject to completion of IPO and a certain other conditions.

The IPO is being carried out to raise funds for expansion however the capacity utilizations of the furnace has never been more than 52% currently.

Conclusion

The company is one which is long standing and has got a well diversified base and modern machinery in a growing market. However the current financials and quite out of sync with the financials in the years preceding to that and that is a cause of a huge risk that the issue price of the IPO might be quite high as compared to an averaged out earning.

DWS SCUDDER MUTUAL FUNDS

Comprising of more than US $680 billion in assets under management globally DWS Scudder is the retail brand name in the U.S. of Deutsche Asset Management a global asset management division of the Deutsche Bank. DWS Scudder offers a comprehensive and diverse range of products. The company’s products include variable annuities, defined contribution retirement plans, alternative investments, individual retirement accounts (IRAs), and retail mutual funds. The company’s services are provided to large corporations, financial institutions, government and foundations and individual investors. 

These comprehensive products are available to the investor through financial intermediaries, retirement plans and wrap programs with a strong commitment from DWS Scudder towards superior performance, innovations and leadership in intellectual capital. 

 

DWS Health Care Fund: by investing at least 80% of total assets in common stocks of companies in the health care sector, the fund seeks long-term growth of capital. The companies in whose stocks are to be invested in should have half of their assets or derive at least half of their revenue from that sector (health care). Such industries include medical products and supplies, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology etc. The securities, the fund primarily invests in is of U.S. companies though, some foreign companies will be considered as well. 

 

Investors can benefit potentially from a combination of DWS funds. DWS has introduced its DWS Core Plus Allocation Fund; a combination of DWS mutual funds which, seeks to enhance long-term returns while managing the risk through intellectual asset allocation that responds to trends in the global markets. The fund consists of DWS Dreman Small Cap Value Fund, DWS Dreman High Return Equity Fund, DWS Core Fixed Income Fund, DWS Global Thematic Fund and DWS Capital Growth Fund. Managed by Deutsche Asset Management Quantitative Strategies the fund is led by portfolio managers Robert Wang and Inna Okounkova. 

 

DWS Capital Growth Fund: this is a large growth category of investment fund having a below average risk associated with it. This fund earns 3 stars under the MorningStar Rating Methodology and has generated average returns but has been less volatile as compared to most of its peers. For a large growth fund the asset allocation of the fund is fairly standard with 96.11% in U.S. stocks and the balance in foreign stocks (2.99) 

 

DWS Scudder, a division of deutsche Asset Management launched two new open end mutual funds; DWS international Value Opportunities Fund – this fund invests in large-cap international equities which, focus on value stocks sporting a stable record of profitability. The fund investment seeks long-term capital appreciation, current income being secondary. 80% of the fund’s assets are for investment in stocks and other securities of companies in developed countries. 20% of its assets may be invested in cash equivalents, fixed income securities and U.S. stocks. This fund may also invest a portion of its assets in the emerging markets of the Middle East, Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. 

DWS RREEF Global Real Estate Securities Fund – this fund invests in international and domestic equity securities of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and those companies engaged in the real estate industry, laying emphasis on stock appreciation and having a record of paying out dividends. The fund portfolio is managed by RREEF America LLC, leading managers for both private and public real estate. 

To learn more about DWS mutual funds go to: http://www.dws-scudder.com/t/index.jhtml?content=/t/about/index.jhtml 

 

 

 

DREYFUS MUTUAL FUNDS

Established in 1951 with its headquarters in New York City, Dreyfus Corporation is one of the nations top mutual fund companies managing over $190 billion spread under more then 200 mutual fund portfolios nationwide. It is a wholly owned subsidiary of Mellon Financial Corporation, a global financial services company.
The Dreyfus lion has come to symbolize for many investors trust, quality and integrity. Being a part of Mellon Financial Corporation, of the world’s largest asset managers and having access to the resources and expertise of world class investment managers, Dreyfus Corporation provides a wide range of quality investment operations that include load and no-load mutual funds, retirement products, separate account portfolios and cash management tools.
Dreyfus Mutual Funds offer the investor a complete line-up of equity, bonds and money market funds, in order to round off almost any type of asset allocation plan and also help diversify any portfolio.
Dreyfus Mutual Funds seek to provide capital growth and in order to pursue these goals, the fund primarily invests in the common stock of those companies in the opinion of the funds manager meets the investment standards of the company and also conduct their businesses in a manner such that it contributes to the enhancement of the quality of life in America. The fund’s investment strategy of Dreyfus combines a disciplined investment process, fundamental analysis and risk management along with social investment process.
Dreyfus Money Market Funds are taxable and tax-exempt and they include retail funds, cash management funds, general funds and institutional funds. All these funds invest in short-term securities seeking a high current income, favoring stability over growth.
The Dreyfus Retail Money Market Fund is a comprehensive line-up of taxable and tax exempt market funds that are offered directly to retail consumers.
Cash Management Funds: these are high quality money market mutual funds customized specifically for institutional investors; help satisfy those seeking a high level of current income, having liquidity and convenience.
General Money Market Funds: these high-quality money market mutual funds were developed for both institutions and retail consumers in order to help meet a growing need for conservative money market funds.
Institutional Money Market Funds: these were developed specifically for both institutional as well as retail clients in order to help meet the investor’s need for a conservative programme.
Dreyfus Premier Family Funds is a comprehensive line-up of equity and bonds that are primarily available through investment professionals. The equity funds invest chiefly in common stocks (small, mid or large cap companies, domestic or globally). Bond funds on the other hand are generally seeking high current income and invest in the debt obligation issued by municipalities, corporations or the U.S. Government. They differ in maturities and credit ratings thereby affecting the risk/reward potential of a fund.
According to The Street.com Ratings’ recently released mutual fund family survey Dreyfus Corporation has been rated third among the fund families (more than 10,000 equity and balanced mutual funds were ranked by the survey and it awarded its highest A+ rating to individual funds having the best record for maximizing performance while minimizing risk). Of the top 200 slots, Dreyfus funds won 11 beating all but two competitors. Dreyfus exhibited particularly strength in the international markets, with a 14th ranking over all and an A+ rating for Dreyfus Premier International Small Cap fund (R).  Dreyfus Premier International Small Cap fund (all Classes) were ranked in the top 25. However, this fund is presently closed to new investors. To learn more about the company and its various mutual funds go to: http://www.dreyfus.com/content/dr/control?Content=/docs/mfc/dreyfus-funds/index.jsp

Columbia Mutual Funds

Disciplined investing, client focus, powerful resources and proprietary research are the driving force behind Columbia Management, one of the world’s largest and experienced investment companies. A primary investment management division of Bank of America Corporation, Columbia Management is an embodiment of diverse investment strategies, effective solutions and a trusted partnership with clients all of which are required for successful investment management.
Few investors have the resources or the time required to keep a constant watch on their investments and market fluctuations. Columbia Management mutual funds put a team of full-time professional money managers at the investor’s service. Based on their extensive ongoing research of the economy, the markets and the individual stocks and bonds, the managers make decisions for investment.
Columbia Management’s wide variety of investments has something to choose from for every type of investor. With over 80 individual mutual funds that cover nearly every investment category such as growth, income, international etc.
Columbia’s Life Goal Portfolios (comprising of four) is a complete and diversified choice for investment comprising of carefully selected mutual fund. For investors not averse to taking on high risk in exchange for a long-term growth potential and with a long investment time horizon then, Columbia LifeGoal Growth Portfolio.
Columbia Acorn Z (ACRNX): according to MorningStar’s rating methodology this fund earns 5 stars which, translates into excellently generated returns from the fund when compared to other funds in the same category (mid-cap growth). The risk associated with this fund is below average and has an expense ratio percentage of 0.74. Being less volatile than most of its peers, has helped the fund perform with excellent returns. Over a five year period the fund has an outstanding performance being ranked 1st in its category.  The focus is on five year returns as longer records have a better predictive power than shorter records. Most of the funds’ holdings are in the service sector (52.07%), manufacturing (30.12%) and the balance in information (17.81%). The asset allocation for the fund is chiefly in U.S. stocks (80.60%) the rest being in foreign stocks (13.06) and cash (5.64).
Columbia Strategic Investor Z (CSVFX): when compared to other funds in the same category (mid-cap blend) this fund has generated above-average returns considering the risk it has taken on (below average). Therefore, this fund has been less volatile than most others in the same category. It has earned a 4 star rating under the MorningStar’s rating methodology. Asset allocation of this fund is mainly in domestic stocks (U.S. stocks 79.30%) and the balance in foreign stock (19.78%) and cash (0.91%). Being a domestic equity fund it has a substantial exposure to foreign stocks. This fact should be carefully considered while structuring your portfolio in order to make sure you don’t have too much foreign exposure than you want. For more information on mutual funds from Columbia Management go to: http://www.columbiafunds.com/home.htm
Investing for future goals like retirement is made simpler with Target date funds. These target date funds are managed to a specific year in the future and can be a well diversified portfolio of stock funds, bond funds and also cash. Using an aggressive asset allocation of funds for target dates well into the future and a more conservative asset allocation for dates close to retirement date, portfolio managers adjust the mix of investments. To learn more on this go to:
http://www.bankofamerica.com/promos/jump/baitargetfunds/index.cfm

AIM MUTUAL FUNDS

Dedicated to building solutions for its clients Aim Investments offers exceptional products and services through its multiple investment portfolios such as mutual funds, retirement funds, exchange-traded funds, cash management, college savings plan etc.
Founded in 1976, AIM has earned its reputation as one of the leading Investment Management firms in the United States through decades of systematic planning and disciplined growth. Aim Investment holds the belief that the investor can benefit significantly from the advice and guidance of professionals. These professionals help create investment plans in order to meet the client’s unique goals.
Aim Mutual Funds offer money management in order to enable you achieve financial goals, irrespective of whether you are planning your child’s education, saving for retirement or even putting aside for another goal. Aim mutual funds are solid performers.
Aim Leisure Inv. (FLISX); the investment objective of this fund is to seek capital growth. When, compared to other funds in its category (large growth) this fund has generated excellent returns given the risk (average) and has earned a 5 star rating from Morningstar ratings.
The fund has given an outstanding performance over the last five years – the focus is on a five year period of returns as longer periods have greater predictive power and accuracy as compared to shorter periods. The majority of asset allocation for this fund is in domestic stocks (U.S. stocks) comprising of about 75%, the balance in foreign stocks.
 

Aim Moderate Growth Allocation Fund: This is an asset allocation category of investment where, it seeks to balance the rewards and risk in a portfolio by assigning specific amounts in the asset classes like bonds, stocks and cash depending on the investors financial goals and risk tolerance. It is intended for the investor willing to take moderate risk tolerance. The objective of the fund is that it seeks to provide a long-term growth of capital that is consistent with a higher level of risk relative to the stock market. 
Asset allocation is the primary tool for achieving an investor’s ideal balance of risk and reward. The fund invests in 13 underlying Aim funds – 11 stock funds representing 80% of the portfolio’s target allocation, 2 bond funds which make for 20 of he portfolio’s target allocation.

AIM Money Market Fund’s investment objective is to provide investors a high level of current income consistent with the preservation of capital and liquidity. The fund’s investments are in high quality U.S. dollar-denominated short-term debt obligations that include securities issued by the Government and its agencies, taxable municipal securities etc.

PowerShares Capital Management LLC, a leading provider of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) was acquired by AMVESCAP PLC. With this addition AMVESCAP has expanded its ability to offer investment solutions to investors and their advisors
Aim Management Group Inc. is a subsidiary of AMVESCAP PLC, a leading independent global investment manager, dedicated to helping people.
PowerShares entire family consisting of 37 distinctive ETFs is now distributed by AIM Investments. This combination of PowerShares and AIM creates a broad financial suite of products available anywhere and the biggest and most experienced ETF distribution network in the U.S.

As of Oct.31.2006 AIM Investments has approximately $149 billion in assets under management. For more information visit: http://www.aiminvestments.com/portal/site/aim

Tax Benefits of Mutual Funds in USA

In America, there are two ways to invest in Mutual Funds. There are people who give taxes annually depending on their capital gains or the dividend received from the fund. The capital gain taxes are levied on the money received when appreciated assets are sold out. These taxes are ample as compared to gains and largely reduce the performance of Mutual Funds. Secondly, there are people who buy under mutual funds scheme of tax-advantaged retirement plans like IRAs and 401(k)s. These people enjoy tax-benefits on reinvested dividends, capital gains and asset accumulations.

Capital gains occur when the profit in capital asset is cashed. These gains as well as those, which are not realized i.e. the stock prices that have increased but not sold ,are taxed. Even if an investor buys and sells shares a large amount of tax is levied due to distribution of profit from their mutual funds. In case of Mutual Funds an extra point that generate a legal tax responsibility is selling of stocks by Mutual Funds producing tax on unrealized gains for each person investing in Mutual Fund.

Mutual Funds despite their numerous advantages have several tax drawbacks that make incautious investors surprised. Suppose you sell mutual funds without maintaining records of reinvested dividends and capital gain or you wrote off checks on funds – Beware! You might have generated a taxable sale. The tax implication of the funds go much beyond your thought become visible on the Form 1099 introduce by the funds. One pays tax on the dividends and capital gains incurred. So if these are inevitably reinvested and if any part of the investment is sold then appropriate care must be taken on your part to add a proportionate part of the earlier tax to avoid double taxation. Even changing from one fund to a different one i.e. switching under the same banner of funds is not tax-free. Rather it is seen as a sale and reinvestment. However, such swapping within a retirement plan account like IRA, 401(k), Keogh, is not taxable.

Now consider the check writing privilege on a mutual fund account. If you write any check, it’ll be treated as selling of shares and should be reported on Schedule D, Capital Gains and Losses. Also if there is no profit or loss in the transaction, it must be reported. Any lapse would throw off the resolution of aggregate sales price per the return and sales earnings informed on Forms 1099-B, Proceeds From Broker and Barter Exchange Transactions, furnished to the IRS.

However as the taxes on mutual fund grew , the efficiency of this mutually beneficial scheme of low and middle class homes was question marked. The tax laws in America then underwent few changes where investing in mutual funds except that your retirement plan can give tax– saving opportunity. By the new laws implemented in 2002, your savings are not tax–deferred as in Traditional IRA or 401(k) plan but the taxes are reduced considerably.The top tax rate on qualified dividends has been reduced from 35% to 15%.The top tax rate on long–term capital gains has been reduced from 20% to 15%. Certain sectoral-schemes of Mutual Funds in America are exempted from taxes. These are calledTax–exempt bond funds.They generally invest in bonds issued by state and local governments to invest in projects such as hospitals, schools, airports, railways and highway. The dividends paid by these funds are relieved from regular federal income taxes. State–specific tax–free funds offer both federal and state tax advantages. So if you are paying a high tax you can benefit more by putting your money in tax–exempt bond funds.

The money invested in average stock mutual fund has been on an increase but the taxable distributions graph is on rise paving way to higher taxes. The markets are more volatile in America with large caps overtaking small caps. Other markets as real estate and energy stocks have been abrupt. So the fund manager style has changed a lot and they are trading more frequently, thus resulting in higher taxable gains. So if you want to invest in a mutual fund freshly, you must check up its distribution by checking up the portfolio. This is because if you end up paying taxes on capital gains you cannot achieve anything. Go for index funds or tax-managed funds with lesser taxable distributions, if you are looking to save taxes.

Tax Benefits of Mutual Funds in India

Tax is a certainty when you go out to invest in any scheme. But one has to look at various aspects to avoid such taxes. Many people who invest in Mutual Funds look out for Tax-savings. The Government of India revised various Taxation schemes for providing tax-benefits to the investor.

Starting from, April 1, 2003, all dividends distributed to investors by debt-based mutual funds were exempted from taxes. However, Mutual Funds were required to pay a dividend distribution tax of 12.5% including surcharge on the dividends. Under Section 88 of Income Tax Act, 1961 ELSS-equity-linked savings schemes can benefit by a tax-rebate on investment up to Rs 10,000 under certain pre-stated conditions. Depending on whether mutual fund comes under short-term capital asset or a long-term one, the units are liable to taxes. The Section 2(42A) describes mutual fund as short-term capital asset if it is held for less than a year whereas if the units held for more than a year they come under long-term capital asset.

Section 10(38) of the Income Tax Act exempts long-term capital gains, occurring from reallocation of a unit of mutual fund, from taxes. The rule came into being after October 1,2004 so tax is exempted if the transaction took place after this date. This rule requires the securities transaction tax is paid to the appropriate authority.

The Section 111A of the Income Tax Act states that the short-term capital gains that crop up from transfer of a unit of mutual fund is taxable@ 10% plus applicable surcharge. This is applicable to all transactions that take place after October 1, 2004 and also the securities transaction tax is paid.

Under section 88E of Income Tax Act, the security transaction tax can be rebated if the transaction represents a business income.

Capital gains are calculated after considering cost of realization as adjusted by Cost Inflation Index stated by the central government.

The Section 112 of the Act states that capital gains that are not roofed by the exemption under Section 10(38) come under various categories of taxable long-term capital gains and charge rates of tax depending on the category. A resident individual and HUF is charged 20% (plus surcharge). All Indian companies and partnership firms are taxable at 20%( plus surcharge). Whereas the foreign Companies are liable to pay 20% tax (plus no surcharge).

The unit holders are liable to pay taxes. They pay a 10% tax plus applicable surcharge if they don’t opt for the cost inflation index benefit and if they take advantage of the cost inflation index benefit they are charged 20% tax with applicable surcharge.

Under Section 115AB of the Act, 1961, long-term capital gains considered as units acquired in foreign currency by an foreign financial organization kept for a period of more than one year will be taxed@ 10%(no surcharge). The gains don’t take into account cost of acquisition.

Under Section 2(EA) of the Wealth Tax Act, 1957, units held under Mutual Funds are not liable to Wealth tax, as they are not treated as assets. Moreover units of Mutual Fund can be given as gift, thus is not liable to gift tax i.e. no tax is payable by donor or donee.

Under Section 115E of the Act, for a non-resident Indian capital gains chargeable on reallocation or transfer of long-term capital assets are taxable. If they form an Investment income, they are charged @ 20% and long-term capital gains are taxed @ 10%.

Under Section 10(23D), income of any form received by the Mutual Fund is exempt from tax. However the Income distributed to a unit holder of a Mutual Fund is taxable under Section 115R. Income distributed to individual or HUF is taxable @ 12.5% and others are taxed @ 20.0%. This tax is excused for open-ended Equity Oriented Funds.